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NISO Rule

Format

Field

Sample Data

Expected Sort Result

2nd indicator in MARC is non-filing character. need to use rules for these in applying sort/display standards.

MARC

Title

 <request>
<user>ole-khuntley</user>
<operation>batchIngest</operation>
<requestDocuments>
<ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
<content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
<record>'
<datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="3">
<subfield code="a">An April Shower</subfield>
</datafield>
</record>
</collection>
]]>
</content>
</ingestDocument>
<ingestDocument id="2" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
<content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
<record>
<datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="9">
<subfield code="a">LANGUAGE TEACHING : LINGUISTIC THEORY IN PRACTICE.</subfield>
</datafield>
 </record>
</collection>
]]>
  </content>
</ingestDocument>
<ingestDocument id="3" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
<content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
<record>
<datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="8">
<subfield code="a">Teacher stress inventory /</subfield>
</datafield>
 </record>
</collection>
]]>
</content>
</ingestDocument>
</requestDocuments>
</request>
 <request>
<user>ole-khuntley</user>
<operation>batchIngest</operation>
<requestDocuments>
<ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
<content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
<record>
<datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="3">
<subfield code="a">An April Shower</subfield>
</datafield>
 </record>
</collection>
             ]]>
</content>
</ingestDocument>
<ingestDocument id="2" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
<content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
<record>
<datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="9">
 <subfield code="a">LANGUAGE TEACHING : LINGUISTIC THEORY IN PRACTICE.</subfield>
</datafield>
 </record>
</collection>
]]>
  </content>
</ingestDocument>
<ingestDocument id="3" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
<content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
 <record>
<datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="8">
<subfield code="a">Teacher stress inventory /</subfield>
 </datafield>
</record>
</collection>
                  ]]>
</content>
</ingestDocument>
</requestDocuments>
</request>










April Shower











TEACHING : LINGUISTIC THEORY IN PRACTICE














stress inventory /

 

 

Author

<request> 
<user>ole-khuntley</user>
<operation>batchIngest</operation>
<requestDocuments>
<ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
<content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
<record>
<datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2="4">
<subfield code="a">Tex,Austin.</subfield>
</datafield>
</record>
</collection>
]]>
</content>
</ingestDocument>
<ingestDocument id="2" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
<content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
<record>
<datafield tag="110" ind1="1" ind2="8">
<subfield code="a">Fimian, Michael J.,</subfield>
</datafield>
</record>
</collection>
]]>
</content>
</ingestDocument>
<ingestDocument id="3" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
<content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
<record>
<datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2="6">
<subfield code="a">Rand, Ted.</subfield>
</datafield>
</record>
</collection>
]]>
</content>
</ingestDocument>
</requestDocuments>
</request>










Austin.











Michael J.,











Ted.




Punctuation Marks Treated as Spaces(  ,--,/)

 

Title

<request>
<request>
    <user>ole-khuntley</user>
    <operation>batchIngest</operation>
    <requestDocuments>
        <ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="">
            <subfield code="a">Facilitating learning communities: Teaching /</subfield>
        </datafield>
      </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
</ingestDocument>
</requestDocuments>
</request>

Facilitating learning communities Teaching

 

 

Author

<request>
    <user>ole-khuntley</user>
    <operation>batchIngest</operation>
    <requestDocuments>
        <ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <datafield tag="100" ind1="" ind2="">
            <subfield code="a">Michael J.,Fimian.</subfield>
        </datafield>
   </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
</ingestDocument>
   </requestDocuments>
</request>

Michael J ,Fimian

Punctuation Marks Ignored (other than  ,--,/)
The following punctuation marks should be disregarded for arrangement purposes: period (full stop), comma, semi-colon, colon, parentheses, square brackets, angle brackets, braces (curved brackets), apostrophe, quotation marks (single or double), exclamation mark, question mark. They are not to be treated as spaces.

 

Title

<request>
  <user>ole-khuntley</user>
  <operation>batchIngest</operation>
  <requestDocuments>
      <ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
          <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
  <record>
      <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="">
          <subfield code="a">Ambassador hotel... and so to bed</subfield>
      </datafield>
   </record>
</collection>
]]>
          </content>
</ingestDocument>
</requestDocuments></request></request>



Ambassador hotel and so to bed

 

 

Author

<request>
  <user>ole-khuntley</user>
  <operation>batchIngest</operation>
  <requestDocuments>
      <ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
          <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
  <record>
      <datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2="">
          <subfield code="a">Tex, Austin.</subfield>
      </datafield>
   </record>
</collection>
]]>
          </content>
</ingestDocument>
</requestDocuments>
</request>












Tex Austin

Letters (A through Z)
The records should be arranged in the order of English alphabet ( Upper case and lower case has equal arrangement value)

 

Title

<request>
  <user>ole-khuntley</user>
  <operation>batchIngest</operation>
  <requestDocuments>
      <ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
          <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
  <record>
      <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="">
          <subfield code="a">Arithmetic</subfield>
      </datafield>
   </record>
</collection>
]]>
          </content>
</ingestDocument>
<ingestDocument id="2" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
          <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
  <record>
      <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="">
          <subfield code="a">ambassador hotel</subfield>
      </datafield>
   </record>
</collection>
]]>
          </content>
</ingestDocument>
</requestDocuments></request>


















ambassador hotel

Arithmetic

 

 

Author

<request>
  <user>ole-khuntley</user>
  <operation>batchIngest</operation>
  <requestDocuments>
      <ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
          <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
  <record>
      <datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2="">
          <subfield code="a">WHONG, MELINDA</subfield>
      </datafield>
   </record>
</collection>
]]>
          </content>
</ingestDocument>
<ingestDocument id="2" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
          <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
  <record>
      <datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2="">
          <subfield code="a">austin</subfield>
      </datafield>
   </record>
</collection>
]]>
          </content>
</ingestDocument>
</requestDocuments></request>

















austin

WHONG MELINDA<

Modified Letters
Letters modified by diacritical marks and ligatures of two letters should be arranged like their nearest basic equivalent letters in the English alphabet

 

Title

 

 

 

 

Author

 

 

Superscript and Subscript Characters
Superscript and subscript characters are arranged as "on-the-line"  Characters.Basic characters followed by both  sub- and superscript 
characters are arranged in the sequence: basic character - subscript - superscript.

 

Title

 

 

 

 

Author

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.Headings

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.1.2 Multi-word Headings(Word-by-Word)

 

Title

<request>
 <user>ole-khuntley</user>
 <operation>batchIngest</operation>
 <requestDocuments>
 <ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">N. E. Zenith Co.</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="2" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">networks</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="3" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">New, Agnes</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
    </requestDocuments>
</request>

N. E. Zenith Co.
networks
New, Agnes

 

 

 

 

 

4.2 Headings with Qualifiers

 

Title

<request>
    <user>ole-khuntley</user>
    <operation>batchIngest</operation>
    <requestDocuments>
        <ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">bill (bank note)</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="2" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">Bill Clinton; a life</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="3" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">bill (ornithology)</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
    </requestDocuments>
</request>

bill (bank note)
Bill Clinton; a life
bill (ornithology)

 

 

 

 

 

4.3 Headings with Identical Initial Words

 

Title

<request>
    <user>ole-khuntley</user>
    <operation>batchIngest</operation>
    <requestDocuments>
        <ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">New</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="2" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">New York</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="3" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">New (Zealand)</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
    </requestDocuments>
</request>

New
New York
New (Zealand)

 

 

 

 

 

4.6 Headings Beginning with Articles

 

Title

<request>
    <user>ole-khuntley</user>
    <operation>batchIngest</operation>
    <requestDocuments>
        <ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">A man</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="2" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">Man</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="3" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">Man, A see A man</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
    </requestDocuments>
</request>

A man
Man
Man, A see A man

 

 

 

 

 

5: Abbreviations

 

Title

<request>
    <user>ole-khuntley</user>
    <operation>batchIngest</operation>
    <requestDocuments>
        <ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">A B C</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="2" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">Aarhus</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="3" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">abacus</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>          
    </requestDocuments>
</request>

A B C
Aarhus
abacus

 

 

 

 

 

6: Numbers

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6.2 Punctuation in Numbers

 

Title

<request>
    <user>ole-khuntley</user>
    <operation>batchIngest</operation>
    <requestDocuments>
        <ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">$5000 reward</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="2" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">5,000- and 10,000-year</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="3" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">5000 años de historia</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>          
    </requestDocuments>
</request>

$5000 reward
5,000- and 10,000-year
5000 años de historia

 

 

 

 

 

7: Arrangement of Symbols Other than Numerals and Letters

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7.1 Arrangement in Standardized sequence

 

Title

<request>
    <user>ole-khuntley</user>
    <operation>batchIngest</operation>
    <requestDocuments>
        <ingestDocument id="1" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">""</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="2" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">#</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>
        <ingestDocument id="3" category="work" type="bibliographic" format="marc">
            <content><![CDATA[
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <record>
        <leader></leader>
        <controlfield tag="001"></controlfield>
        <datafield tag="245">
            <subfield code="a">+</subfield>
        </datafield>
    </record>
</collection>
]]>
            </content>
        </ingestDocument>          
    </requestDocuments>
</request>

""
#
+

Superscript and subscript characters are arranged as "on-the-line"  Characters.Basic characters followed by both sub- and superscript characters are arranged in the sequence: basic character - subscript - superscript. 

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